The concept of war crimes emerged particularly at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, when international humanitarian law, also known as the law of armed conflict, was established. Examples of War and Crime include deliberately attacking civilian populations, torturing prisoners, taking hostages, engaging in rape and other sexual violence, enlisting or conscripting children, and planning attacks against structures used for worship, instruction, the arts, and other facets of society's culture. Despite the fact that the prohibition of specific conduct in the conduct of armed conflict can be traced back many centuries,...